As noted by the first Deputy Minister of construction of the Sakhalin oblast Tatiana Statsenko, new features on earthquake-prone Islands erected “in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations”.
– First, conducting geological engineering surveys and develop project documentation that takes into account all peculiarities of ground conditions of the site. The latter must undergo a state examination that allows to make a conclusion about the reliability of the designed buildings, says Statsenko.
According to her, from 2009 to the present, on increase of seismic resistance of buildings in the region had spent about ten billion (Federal and regional budget divided the cost equally), funds went to the construction and reconstruction of dozens of objects.
meanwhile, the cost of earthquake-proofing are much more modest. There was a time when the region is annually spent for these purposes about two billion rubles, and later the amount was cut to 500 million. Only 1.3 billion pledged to improve the resilience of buildings from 2018 to 2025.
In the Sakhalin region, and a lot of damaged houses almost four percent of the total housing stock (half a million square meters). About the same in the region of potentially hazardous housing, which is now being processed.
a separate category houses having insufficient earthquake resistance. The area of these exceeds 263 thousand “squares”. Basically it is housing built prior to 1995. To seismosignal it makes no sense, it’s easier to build new.
But if you still like the house will want to strengthen, now to do this will not work. During the works residents have somewhere to move and nowhere to go.
– currently, the means of budgets of all levels is directed primarily to the resettlement of people from dilapidated housing. Measures for seismic reinforcement is not less important, however, in the Sakhalin region is not free housing, not burdened with rights of third persons, so the relocation of people is not possible, – admits Tatiana Statsenko.
by the Way, the Sakhalin authorities with Federal support promised until the end of 2024 to solve the problem of resettlement of residents of Ochi, whose homes were hurt by a catastrophic earthquake of a quarter century ago. This will send 15.6 billion rubles, of which more than half of the regional budget allocated. In emergency buildings with a total area of over 160 thousand “squares” live today 7.1 thousand people.
most Importantly, what keeps earthquake-resistant construction card of General seismic zoning (GSZ), and is its weak point.
look At the SRF estimated seismicity of construction site and determine how resistant to earthquakes should be the future of the building. Thus, according to the Director of Sakha��Inskaya branch of far East geological Institute (dvgi) DVO ran, candidate of physico-PhD Alexey Konovalov, the assessment of seismic hazard is still measured in points according to MSK-64 scale, while all over the world are working with the accelerations of the soil.
– Where does a score? This is a subjective risk assessment, which is determined by the feelings of the people and visual inspection of damage. This maps out very rough. The acceleration of soil is a physical quantity measured by the accelerometers – he explains the difference, adding that the SRF card fundamentally has not changed since 1999, “staying on the same methodological and conceptual level.”
the Accelerometers massively installed in buildings and at different depths of the soil, for example, in the United States and Japan. In Russia such a practice except in a few isolated cases.
– For the construction of earthquake resistant houses of one national card is not enough. To examine the local conditions of the site it is necessary to map the detailed seismic zoning and zoning. Our company performs the corresponding operation using the acceleration. The accelerometers we have purchased and installed on your money, one such device is from 100 thousand to one million rubles. Also took data from partners, – says the Director of the local survey company Konstantin Manichev.
solving problems in seismic construction, as in many other fields, lies in the Federal plane.
According to Alexey Konovalov, go to the same accelerations in the cards OCP is not so easy. First, you need to adopt a Federal program that would provide for the establishment of the engineering-seismometric network. This would allow more accelerometers and accumulate statistics for updating the maps.
an Important item on the program should be free access to data of devices – they are necessary for many professionals. In addition, such transparency will not work to make the Federal program another dummy.
then in our country will not build on the eye, and with minimal errors, saving money where the seismic hazard is unreasonably high today, and strengthening best where it is undervalued, he said.
Another national idea, experts say, should be the insurance of risks of natural disasters, including earthquakes. In our country this direction is poorly developed.
– All builders want to walk on the bottom of the rules with minimal costs for surveying and construction, which negatively affects the quality of objects. If we worked a system of insurance, respectively, would increase the cost of insurance of such buildings, because they are more vulnerable to earthquakes and would have to pay. To do this, causing, want – not, and the need to build on high standards. Thus, insurance risk may become that mechanism which will adjust the assessment of the seismic stability and improve the quality of earthquake engineering. However, the fine-tuning process will take more than one year, – says the representative of the far Eastern geological Institute, noting that in some countries insurance of risks of earthquakes is required.
as for seismic monitoring, he believes that for its development we need to use all possible means of measurement. This seismic station, and surveillance cameras, and smartphones, which also contain the seismic sensors. So, Alexey Konovalov offers in seismic regions to connect to the operational monitoring system “Safe city”, which has the technical and software resources for simulation of the effects of earthquakes and rapid decision-making in the case of large-scale emergencies.
