Yakutia with acres of hayfields located on the estuary irrigation, harvested in two times more hay than on natural meadows. Only half of these systems (in the region of 40) needs to be overhauled. It is necessary to restore more than half of the drainage systems, which in the Republic accounts for two-thirds of the 86 thousand hectares of reclaimed land. Necessary, but not what. Many waterworks, built in the second half of the last century, has not been repaired for tens of years that the land was allocated mainly just for the current operation.
– This funding does not allow, in principle, to talk about the expansion of reclaimed land, – said the Minister of agriculture of the Republic Alexander Atlases.
At his suggestion now developed a new program of land reclamation, which will be included the money for the restoration of the existing facilities and involvement of 90 thousand hectares of land. It will take at least five billion rubles within five years. The agriculture Ministry, “RG” reported that work on the document is underway, but it will be approved only after the adoption of a similar Federal program.
To reclamation works in Yakutia have special requirements, since the Republic is located in the zone of continuous permafrost distribution. The concept of “risk farming” here has a literal meaning: a wrong decision can not improve, and irreversibly destroy a huge area. In 1988, in a research note on the use of state farms in reclaimed lands was mentioned that some parts of the recently commissioned arable lands are subjected to karst phenomena – the soil was to fall due to the melting of underground ice. As explained by the Deputy Director of the permafrost Institute SB RAS for research Oleksandr Fedorov, the reason for this is that the arable land was created on very icy permafrost.
– To the present time on the territory of Tatta and Churapcha districts completely degraded and can’t be used to 40 – 50 percent of such arable land, – said the scientist.
These lands can not be saved. But tens of thousands of hectares are not used since the Soviet times arable land and hayfields, it is possible to return to the turnover, if to repair the sluices, to clear the channels, restore bridges and crossings.
In the Khabarovsk Krai wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, soy, potatoes and more. But farmland is annually subjected to the waterlogging, the flooding, what part of the crop perishes. One third of already used sites in need of reclamation.
Without significant financial investments to cultivate the land is not possible. The region receives state support from 2017. Farmers are reimbursed up to 90 percent of some expenses – for example, by clearing away the woody and herbaceous vegetation, tussocks, stumps.
In 2020 the Federal center to increase funding in this direction for the Khabarovsk territory. For the implementation of reclamation activities, we’ve provided about 79 million rubles, including 66,4 million – from the Federal budget. These funds will be enough to enter in a turnover of approximately 4.2 thousand hectares of land, – explained in the regional Ministry of agriculture.
In 2019 due to the almost 23 million rubles allocated prepared for planting 1.2 thousand hectares of unused agricultural land. It is expected that by the end of this year, the farmers provide to the regional Ministry of agriculture to cover the costs of the documents on 3.5 thousand hectares.
In the Amur region is traditionally agricultural region, next year will begin a major reconstruction of drainage systems on four thousand hectares. The problem arose after the flooding, which caused agriculture huge losses.
Now the total area of farmland in 17 municipalities of the region is 246,6 thousand hectares. There are 233 drainage systems, created during the Soviet era. Due to their bad condition in the past year water has ruined the crops on 137,1 thousand hectares.
– We will rehabilitate the existing drainage systems and build new ones. Federal Ministry of agriculture is ready to compensate part of the cost of the event, the regional budget may allocate funds for the production of project documentation. If we do not make improvement, we will miss a historic opportunity, – said the Governor of the Amur region Vasily Orlov.
In 2020 the Primorye farmers plan to collect about 19 million tons of clean rice. According to many experts, the edge is hardly the only far Eastern region, where conditions for rice cultivation, if not perfect, it is very suitable. According to the Minister of agriculture of Primorye Andrey Bronze due to changes in night and day temperatures, local rice is the same in Krasnodar, which is why its put in land-bars the Moscow and St. Petersburg.
However, talking about rice as a thriving industry is not necessary. In the 90-ies of the last century, the acreage of rice decreased by more than 30 thousand hectares (today it does not exceed eight). Was abandoned and fell into disrepair developed drainage systems, without which this crop will not survive. Although examples when the business recovers, the improvement in the rice fields there. Did one of the resident “Mikhaylovsky”, zastavki rice three thousand acres, and he plans to increase plantings by half.
– Why at the time, rice growing industry in Primorye met the crisis? Because you��asiania rice involves a significant cost on both the water supply and the maintenance of the irrigation complex. In Soviet times, was created a strong Foundation with engineering design institutes, construction companies. But then in the province has been eliminated as the control of reclamation and other organizations serving the regional reclamation. And rice system for separate checks was divided into shares. Recovery must deal with a large company that will be able to manage the consolidation of land and engineering funds, as well as the reconstruction of rice irrigating systems. Yet the situation is such that there are land users and landowners, even from Vladivostok who just rent land leased to foreign companies, – said Andrew Brons.
In Primorye enough water to irrigate the fields, but, as usual, we need money and support. In region prepare the development strategy of the industry. According to the Minister, it is now clear that the modernization of the irrigation and drainage systems will require billions of rubles, and the payback period even with the government support will be 8 – 12 years.
