the Heroine of this story — a typewriter with a Russian keyboard “Mercedes-3”, released in 1912 by a German firm. These machines were sold in Russia for several years before 1917, so we have a rarity. The history of its occurrence in Moscow and the story of the emergence and spread of typewriters in the world — in the material mos.ru.
the Idea of creating a device that would allow you to quickly print a legible text that has preoccupied humanity since ancient times. The first patent for the invention of “machine to decrypt the mail” received by the English engineer Henry mill in 1714. However, no information about the created machine or its image is not preserved. The next attempt almost a century later, in 1808, made the Italian Pellegrino Turri, known as the inventor of carbon paper. He created his own version of a typewriter, but it was also unknown — was only printed with the letter.
In the Russian Empire also worked on the creation of the typewriter. In 1870, the device was presented by the engineer Mikhail Alisov. It was called the Russian setting and the writing machine have been presented at several international exhibitions and received good reviews scientists. However, due to the high cost of production in the mass circulation “koropatnyk” was never released.
Production of typewriters became available thanks to the invention of an American patent for a device in the form of a square box with an alphabetic keyboard that is similar to the piano, he received in 1868. In the next few years Scholes have modeled about 50 different variations of cars. In 1873 the inventor presented a modified device factory “Remington and sons”, which was engaged in the manufacture of weapons and sewing machines. The first edition typewriter was released in 1874. Among the buyers of the mystery machine was and American writer mark TWAIN. It is assumed that the story of the author of “the adventures of Tom Sawyer” was the first artwork printed on a typewriter.
Modifying his invention, Scholes was constantly experimenting with the arrangement of letters, trying to achieve maximum ease of typing. First qwerty layout, which today is used in computers and smartphones, was presented in the first model of a typewriter Scholes. However, the present popularity of the layout is received with the opening of the blind printing method, which was tested on the model No. 2.
By the beginning of XX century has opened many companies in the production of typewriters. One of these companies has become “Mercedes”, which was founded in 1906 in Berlin, Gustav Metz. Automotive group she had no relationship — the representatives of the companies even had to argue over names, but in the end the parties came to a consensus: under this name the Mets could release everything except vehicles.
the First model of a typewriter company went on sale in 1907. Production was slow: in a small factory in Berlin could produce only three cars a day. In 1908 Gustav Metz moved the company to the city of Zella-Mehlis (Thuringia), where he opened a larger production. At the same time the firm released a second model cars. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that she dealt in three parts, allowing you to print the text.
For several years, the company has released improved models No. 3, 4, 5, 6 Express, Favorit, Express S 6 and others. Has revolutionized the model of Elektra, released in 1921. It was the first Electromechanical typewriter in the world.
In the early twentieth century, almost all the paperwork in Russia, moved to typescript. Typewriting was originally called lamingtoniidae and ringtonestheme, and then, when manufacturers of cars became more, — the typists. The name is not assumed masculine for the word “engineer” was assigned a specific meaning. In addition, the profession was. And the identity of the profession, few men who were involved in typing on a typewriter, like women, was written in “the typist”.
Imported models of typewriters in Russia sold mostly by specialist companies. One of the largest it distributors, commercial and industrial company “T. I. Hagen”, which was originally engaged in the manufacturing of paper goods, manufacture of office books and production of rubber stamps. In the end, the partnership focused on manufacturing typewriters, cash registers and adding machines.
In Russia the cars category which was developed by Gustav Mets (Russified version of the name was “Mercedes”), sold a short time — a few years before the First world war and a short period after the October revolution of 1917. The lettering on the cars was done in Russian, and except for the name of the manufacturer contained the is the seller.
Rare typewriter 1912 issue of “Mercedes-3” is in the collection of the Museum-reserve “Tsaritsyno”. It belonged to a local historian, journalist and writer, by which was established the time of the founding of the city of Penza and a few settlements located along the Kursk railway from Moscow to Tula.
In a Museum exhibit gave the daughter of a local historian, Lyudmila Eremina. In her memoirs, my father bought a car with hands in the 1960-ies, when he became engaged in local history. In the years of perestroika historian acquired a new machine, and its predecessor, all the time carefully preserved in the family. 2017 typewriter George Eremina presented in the permanent exhibition.
