Opened in July the exhibition “Porcelain in Russia: sources and traditions” highly recommended not only to fans of decorative art XVIII–XX centuries — it will appeal to all connoisseurs. The exhibition presents the products of the Russian and European porcelains, works of individual artists from the Museum’s collection — not only tableware, but figurines. The story about the most interesting exhibits in the joint material mos.ru and the Agency “Moscow”.
White gold Vinogradova
Boy Dmitry Vinogradov became a student of the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy in Moscow. There he became friends with Mikhail Lomonosov, who was older than his classmate for nine years. Fate brought the two future scientists for long: after graduating from the Academy friends he continued his education in St. Petersburg and later in Germany.
Based on the Europe of knowledge, both later proved himself as a distinguished chemical engineers. Vinogradov in 1747, managed to get a porcelain mixture, than admitted Russia to a narrow circle of the countries that then possessed the secret of the composition of “white gold”. Lomonosov, in turn, was a pioneer in the field of glazes and mosaics. After the death of comrade for some time he was the head of the Neva portselinovaya manufactory — the first Russian porcelain factory, the founders of which was Dmytro Vinogradov.
the exhibition in the “Tsaritsyno” you can see one of the first works of the plant — superimposition 1744-1758 years. The author of the forms and patterns was Vinogradov. The inventor of Russian porcelain experimented with firing temperature, pigments and sought new colors. He created the shades of pink purple and green colors that painted egg, are distinctive features of Russian porcelain of the XVIII century.
At creation time close to this creation Vinogradova caddy and a decorative egg made according to the recipe Lomonosov — both belong to the second half of the eighteenth century.
this section presents the current copy of Vinogradov rate (sweets bowls) with a lid — it is dated 1748 year, the original is kept in the Museum-estate “Kuskovo”. Nearby are the painted statues Vinogradov and University, made in 1969 by sculptor Gleb by Sudakovym. The image of the Creator of Russian porcelain fantasy — unfortunately, there is no extant portrait of the scientist of a lifetime.
“Before I became an old man.” How crashed the dream of the Creator of Russian porcelain
Imperial sets
the exhibition features many items from the sets, which at different times was used by Russian emperors and somehow set the fashion for China in the country.
for example, set “all the day”, made p�� order of Catherine II at the Imperial porcelain factory (IFZ). As the name implies, it was intended for daily servings of the Imperial table and was used first in the Winter Palace, and then in Peterhof. Unlike the front, these sets were made of less quality porcelain mass and were decorated with simplistic decor: the color scheme consisted of no more than three colors, there was virtually no gilding.
Their second name(so before the beginning of the XX century was called rose) is the service received that is painted big bouquets of flowers. It is a tribute to floral decor the oldest on the continent Meissen porcelain factory, which for a long time in the production of porcelain occupied a leading position in Europe. Variations of these Catherine Rozanov then often decorated porcelain and pottery — you can find them even on the sets of the Soviet period.
Quite a lot of items in the exhibition is connected with the name of Nicholas I. So, when he ascended the throne, he gave his wife Alexandra Feodorovna’s estate at Peterhof, later known as Her Majesty’s private dacha Alexandria. Soon there appeared the Cottage — the pseudo-Gothic Palace built by the Scottish architect Adam Menelaws. For this residence in the years 1827-1829 masters of the Imperial porcelain factory created a service in the Gothic taste. All 530 items constituting the service, was decorated with the arms of Alexandria — a blue shield with his sword drawn, passed through a wreath of white roses.
Knight’s coat of arms to give Alexandra Feodorovna came up with the famous romantic poet Vasily Zhukovsky, who gave the former German Princess, the lessons of the Russian language. The emblem appeared to commemorate the celebrations on the occasion of her birthday, celebrated in Potsdam in July 1829. That day in her honor at the ball and joust, and the area in front of the Palace were removed thousands of favorite Empress white roses.
set Porcelain for the Imperial family necessarily was accompanied with a set of dishes made of crystal and silverware that were played in one with him style. To set “Cottage” by the order of Nicholas I by the Imperial glass factory produced refined the crystal
Portrait from the hair, shawl and seal. That gave and received the gift of the Russian monarchs
Exhibited in one showcase them in a dessert plate with the image awards of the Russian Empire, though they were made at the Imperial porcelain factory in 1847, has English roots.
In 1844, Nicholas I officially visited England, and a year later Queen Victoria in memory of this visit ordered at the manufactory, “John rose and” dessert service with signs of Russian orders. The gift came to the court, and subsequently, the items of this set were copied by the Imperial factory. When in Russia the end of XVIII century had their sets dedicated to domestic awards. On show in one window with the English version represented by the wildcard plate from the order of service with the coat of arms surrounded by chain of order of St. Andrew.
Decorators Imperial service of the nineteenth century often turned to historical themes. In the coronation service, which was used by several generations of the Russian monarchs, was gold with stones dish of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from the collection of the Armory. From revered in the eighteenth century white porcelain here is not gone — it hid solid gold.
Most of the Imperial service made to order, however one of the most popular was the purchase of the owner of the shop on Nevsky prospect in St. Petersburg, where it was purchased in 1823, on the eve of the birthday of Alexandra Feodorovna, who still bore the title of Grand Duchess. After the holiday set was sent to Tsarskoe Selo “for use at Higher tables”. In subsequent years, it was completed and even added a tea set of similar design from cups cups, saucers and plates Pyrozhkov.
Officer service and an underwater submarine. Five stories of the defenders of Moscow museums
Russian tea
a Whole room devoted to porcelain for the Russian tea. Items from tea sets, made in the XIX century in the factories of Gardner, Safronova, Popov Orlov, Kornilov brothers, in common with the installation of a dozen drevnih kettle of boiling water from which became the symbol of Russian tea in the twentieth century.
In Russia, the tea began to spread in the second half of the XVII century under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, but really it has become popular only during the reign of Catherine II, when in aristocratic circles established English tea etiquette, which hardly differed from the coffee. In other sectors of society tea really knew, because it was fully imported and therefore very expensive commodity.
has revolutionized Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod merchant class, which was engaged in the supply of tea for the elite. Gradually, they tasted exotic with a drink and have developed non-English talking, for a long time and in large quantities. Over time, it has spread all over the country.
a Classic English tea service consisted of a teapot, a milk jug, sugar bowls and small cups with saucers. Long merchant chincana require the appearance of the tavern appeared dolinnye kettles of large size, biscuit dishes, bowls for jam, fruit bowls, dishes-the underground rebels for pies, pie shops in plates, samovar. Increased the size of the cups and deep saucers, which were used as bowls.
Items luxury merchant style was made mainly in factories around Moscow. In this circle also had its surprises. For example, in the Popov factory for a long time failed to obtain the noble shades of cobalt. In the end, they found their shade of bright blue that has become very popular. Visually compare aristocratic and clerical cobalt blue on the items one showcase.
Common to all layers of Russian society the tea party has become in the nineteenth century, when the thought of fermentation, became a drink for the poor, and the country culture of the end of the century, reconciled merchant tradition with the aristocratic.
In Soviet times has launched its own tea production in Georgia and the Krasnodar region, but the tradition has not disappeared. After the war, in Vogue large teapots tavern type, similar to those that were popular a century earlier. Not every Soviet family was table service for the guests, but tea was available in almost every home.
samovar with Vysotsky. Consider tea collection of the poet
Flowers Meissen, lobster and other porcelain wonders
for a Long time the benchmark for Russian producers of porcelain remained the Meissen manufactory, so fair enough its masterpieces of the Tsaritsyno collection. For example, a bowl of the famous set “the Red dragon” (1730-1740) — one of the first tray sets, which on behalf of the elector of Saxony gave the members of the Royal houses of Europe. In turn, the model of “Gardeners” in the Rococo style in common with Russia is the fact that one of its creators, sculptor Victor-Michel issue year (1736-1799), was a great-grandfather on the maternal side to the composer.
a Separate exposure performed in the area of the collector, poveselislis presents of snuff-boxes, vases, inkwells, as well as sculpture, including the main hit of the XIX century, the figures are made based on prints from the publication “the Magic lantern, or the Spectacle of the St. Petersburg popular sellers, craftsmen, and other vernacular of Industrialists”, which was published in 1817.
a Small part of the exhibition shows porcelain birds and inhabitants of the underwater Kingdom. This is a reference to, which were held in parks and gardens in the XVII–XIX centuries. The exhibit, which you cannot pass, — butter dish with lid in the form of a surprisingly plausible lobster made in the beginning of XX century the plant Kuznetsova.
Three centuries of Russian porcelain is symbolically reflected in the set “Flowers and music” of the outstanding masters of our time (born in 1940), which became famous as a sculptor and as an artist. A fantasy on the theme of emotional kinship of poetry and music where a recurring motif are the image of roses. The Creator of the set managed to finishXia an interesting effect: a more intense small items painted Olevskaya perceived awesomee, the larger a China form. It is no coincidence that this nod “era of roses” — a gallant XVIII century — logically completes the exhibition “Tsaritsyno”.
