15 may 1960 in Paris began meeting the leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France, the result of which could be at least slowing the arms race. The success of the negotiations was to promote the desire of President Eisenhower to make his last year in power is something historically important and memorable. Besides, the USSR was a powerful trump card: after may 1, 1960 was shot down by an American reconnaissance aircraft U-2, Khrushchev simply but cleverly lured into a trap by the American administration.From the memoirs of A. I. Adzhubei, the son — in-law the first Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N. S. Khrushchev.On may 1, 1960.During the parade Khrushchev was nervous. And then to see him on the podium of the Mausoleum was approached by the military, withdrew to the side. After another report, Khrushchev pulled off his hat and, smiling broadly, waved it over his head. His mood has improved.Details of the incident in may day will be available to the General public during the may session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR…the Diplomats and the correspondents of foreign Newspapers, radio and television long before the session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR have filled in all the guest spots in the Grand Kremlin Palace.From the transcript of the speech N. S. Khrushchev at a joint meeting of the Council of the Union and the Soviet of nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, may 5, 1960.Comrade deputies! On behalf of the Soviet government I must inform you about the aggressive actions that took place in recent weeks by the United States against the Soviet Union — next to the last aggressive act was committed by the United States of America April 9, 1960. The aircraft of the United States invaded our homeland from Afghanistan…Such action does not jibe with the negotiations with the President of the United States and other statesmen of America that we had during his visit to the United States. We agreed with the President of the United States of the summit (agreed on the meeting of the leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France in Paris, after which was scheduled Soviet-American talks in Moscow.— “History”), and this meeting, as they say, are literally on the nose. Aggressive invasion into the borders of another country — a bad preparation for such a meeting. After the meeting of heads of government aims at easing international tension, the elimination of the state of the cold war, halting the arms race, General and complete disarmament, the settlement of the question of a German peace Treaty, West Berlin, of all that interferes with the normal peaceful coexistence of countries with different social and political systems…We are strictly warned then our military, especially those in Chinasredstvenno responsible for the state air defence of the country, that they must act decisively and with impunity to prevent the invasion of foreign aircraft in our airspace. (Cries: “Right!”, “Right!”. Prolonged applause.)The us military apparently liked impunity, as was the case on April 9, and they decided to repeat the aggressive act. This was chosen for the most solemn of our people and working people of all countries day 1 May — international festival of fraternal solidarity of the working class. This day early in the morning, in 5 hours 36 minutes (Moscow time), an American plane crossed our frontier and continued its flight deep into Soviet countries. About this aggressive act, the Minister of defence be immediately reported to the government. From the government it was said: the aggressor knows what he is, when invading foreign territory. If it will go unpunished, it will go on new provocations. Therefore, it is necessary to act — to bring down the plane! This job was done — the plane was shot down. (Stormy, prolonged applause. Cries Of “Right!”, “Right!”, “Shame to the aggressor!”)…After studying all the materials which we now possess, the Soviet government declares the United States a strong protest, and warns them that if such aggressive acts against our country will continue, we reserve the right to respond to them with actions that we find it necessary to apply to protect our country. (Cries: “Right!”. Stormy, prolonged applause.)…It is hard to imagine how to evaluate such actions of the aggressive circles of the United States of America. After may 16, the meeting of heads of government we need to meet with the President of the United States of America Eisenhower…Photo: Vladimir Savostianov, Alex Stuzin / photo Archive of the magazine “Ogonek” / Commercethis the transcript of the speech N. S. Khrushchev at a joint meeting of the Council of the Union and the Soviet of nationalities of the Supreme Soviet, may 7, 1960.After my report to the Supreme Council, where I announced this fact, the U.S. state Department in an official statement to the press claims that we are talking about violating the Soviet state border by the American plane “Lockheed U-2”, which supposedly conducted the study of weather in the upper atmosphere near the Turkish-Soviet border. The aircraft allegedly strayed off course due to a malfunction of oxygen supply to the pilot. The state Department says that the pilot lost consciousness and the plane, operated by the autopilot, flew into the territory of the USSR. According to the state Department, the pilot had only to report the failure of his oxygen apparatus to the Turkish airfield at Adana, from which he flew and the cat��which belongs to, say, the military, and the national Aeronautics and space research.It was soon published statement of the national office for Aeronautics and space research, which aimed to confirm the version of the state Department…Comrades, I have to tell you a secret. When I report did, and then deliberately did not say that the pilot was alive and healthy, and parts of the aircraft are with us. (Laughter. Prolonged applause.) We did it consciously, because if we all said at once, then the Americans would have composed a different version. (Laughter in the hall. Applause.) Now let’s see how much nonsense they uttered — lake van, scientific research and so on.Photo: photo Archive of the magazine “Ogonek” / Kommersantdaily when they learn that the pilot was alive, they will have something else to think of. And they will come up with… (Laughter in the hall. Applause.)Say, fellow members, that these versions are solid fiction designed for gullible people. The writers of these versions assumed that if the downed plane, probably died and the pilot. So no one will ask how it happened in reality, it will be impossible to check what kind of plane and what devices it was equipped.First of all I want to inform you that the pilot of the downed American plane is alive and well. He is now in Moscow. Brought here and the remains of this aircraft with the appropriate equipment found in the survey.Name of pilot Francis Gary powers. He was 30 years old. According to his statement, he is a senior Lieutenant of the air force of the United States of America, where he served until 1956, that is, until, when he entered the service of the Central intelligence Agency…I Want to tell you about the materials received in the result of the study of the downed aircraft and its equipment, and interrogation of the pilot.First, about the plane. It is really a high-altitude plane “Lockheed U-2” with low velocities. They were counting on its altitude and believed that this plane or one fighter can’t get, can’t get it and antiaircraft artillery. Therefore, he says, he can with impunity to fly over the territory of the Soviet Union. Indeed, the plane was flying at a high altitude, and it took the rocket to an altitude of 20 thousand meters. (Applause.) And if the above will fly, too, we’ll get! (Prolonged applause.) Equipped aircraft, not to “study the weather in the upper atmosphere,” not to take “air samples” as the official claim us officials. No. This is a real military reconnaissance, equipped with various instruments to collect espionage information, including for location photography…Photo: photo Archive of the magazine “Spark” / To��mercantalistic that the flight was made with scientific purposes to study the upper layers of the atmosphere. The question is, why was it necessary to arm the pilot with a silent gun? They gave him just in case, but not for air intake, but in order to release the spirit of man. This is all we present to the public as evidence…the Pilot, which was supposed to explore the atmosphere, was given seven and a half thousand rubles in Soviet money. The question is, when and where he can use them, for what purpose? It is not flying he is to exchange old rubles for new money? (Explosion of laughter. A storm of applause.)Pilot supplied French Golden francs. These gold francs I’ve seen in nature. But view them in the photo. They are wrapped in cellophane, which is pasted with one and the other side of the coin. Culturally, American made. The purposes for which pilot the of these Franks? He was also West German, Italian and other currencies. In addition to private hours he gave to the road another two gold watches and seven women’s gold rings. Why all this need to have him in the upper atmosphere? (Laughter in the hall. Applause.)So no flimsy version cannot save the reputation of those responsible for this dastardly act. They are caught red-handed as the organizers of the invasion of the Soviet Union shortly before the meeting of heads of government in Paris, shortly before visit of the President of the United States to the Soviet Union. I think that it is poor training to serious talk of easing international tension…You what, gentlemen, think?! You used to shit, and someone is almost good recognized and silent! No, we are not people: if you shat answer openly for it themselves. (Prolonged applause.)From the publication of columnist James Reston in “new York times”, may 9, 1960.The United States has tonight admitted that one of the American aircraft equipped to perform espionage tasks, “probably” flown over Soviet territory. In an official statement, however, stresses that the authorities in Washington “did not give its permission for a single flight”…Today the capital looked sad, confused… She was in a state of depression and humiliation due to the fact that the United States was first caught when they were engaged in espionage over the Soviet Union, and then tried to hide their activities, releasing a series of misleading official statements.Photo: RGAKFD / Rosinform, Commercants memories N. S. Khrushchev.When they were exposed to the wreckage of the plane in the Gorky Park, the foreign press wrote a lot about this… I decided to go to the exhibition: I was drawn to see what was left of the plane? With me went and other officials, including Biryuzov (Marshal of the Soviet Union, Deputy defense Minister, chief of air defense forces.— “History”), who gave explanations during the inspection. Going to a different audience, ran up to foreign correspondents, and we were there.After the examination the reporters began to ask me questions. I was forced to speak directly. Talking to them gave me pleasure, as I had a desire again to Express their outrage and denounce the aggressor. I addressed the crowd that had gathered around the pavilion…In may, we learned about the statement of President Eisenhower, stating that he knew about flying and approved. Eisenhower explained by the fact that the Soviet Union was a closed country and the United States had concern for his safety, conduct reconnaissance. Therefore, the President, as commander in chief, considered the flights as necessary. Said that in the future the US will do so, because they have the right to ensure the security of the country, even ignoring the sovereignty of other States.Obviously a foolish statement, to say the least. Stupid statement. But it has happened… We were literally bursting with indignation, and we used all public opportunities for exposing the aggressive line.We have criticized the United States, but were preparing for the trip to Paris, developing issues that should have been there to discuss…When we flew over Europe to Paris, I thought: “We have not met, and hopes that we will reach agreement little.” The fact that before the meeting was downed U-2, was constantly present in my mind. I have a question: “What are we waiting for? How could the most powerful country in the world USA to settle in such conditions? Can we expect from this state to a reasonable agreement if prior to the meeting, put it under her face?”. I am convinced that we can look undignified: we have presented such a pill, and we pretend that do not understand and go on meeting as if nothing happened? The meeting will be disrupted, but other powers will try, of course, to shift the responsibility for our country.We are insulted and we go to the meeting? And I had a strong idea: to revisit the original intent of our documents, particularly the Declaration with which we wanted to perform at the opening of the meeting. It is necessary to put USA ultimate conditions: they should apologize for the damage to our state an offense…don’t Even know how we are preparing for the meeting, did not put before themselves questions like this, not standing chest to protect their honor. Now I made the plane their views Andrei Gromyko (Minister of foreign Affairs of the USSR.— “History”), and he agreed with me. Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (Marshal of the Soviet Union, Minister of defense of the USSR.— “History”) also considered that my thoughts are correct that we need to modify the documents. Because with us flew typist and stenographer, I dictated the amendments, and Gromyko from the foreign Ministry staff sat down for the processing of documents. Needed to rebuild them, as they say, 180 degrees.Photo: photo Archive of the magazine “Ogonek” / Commercethis books by Stephen Ambrose “Eisenhower. Soldier and President”, 1989.No one in Washington never could have imagined that Khrushchev does not use a profit the fact of the capture of Americans on the crime scene and lie about this…may 14, Eisenhower and his entourage arrived in Paris. The next day he met with Herter (Secretary of state of the United States.— “History”), the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union Chip Bohlen and Goodpaster (General, military adviser to the President of the United States.— “History”). They informed him that Khrushchev, who arrived in Paris before, said de Gaulle (President of France.— “History”) that he is ready to participate in the meeting, but submitted a statement in six pages, which said: if Eisenhower does not condemn such actions as flying the U-2, will not abandon them in the future and not punishing the perpetrators, the Advice will not participate in the meeting. Eisenhower wanted to know why Khrushchev put forward these concrete demands five days ago, then he would not fly to Paris. Sick noticed that the contents of this statement, also in writing, pointed to the fact that Khrushchev had already decided to break up the conference.De Gaulle, as the host opening the meeting, barely managed to announce the commencement of the first session, Khrushchev with a red face jumped to his feet and demanded of the word…After Khrushchev finished his diatribe by saying that Eisenhower is no longer a welcome guest in the Soviet Union, took the floor Eisenhower. He said that Khrushchev is hardly necessary to speak so long to take back his invitation. He arrived in Paris, hoping to engage in serious negotiations, and his desire is that the conference moved on to discuss issues on the merits. Khrushchev and the Russian delegation left the hall of negotiations…Depression, which was Eisenhower, was a deep, genuine, and understandable. Of all the events in which Eisenhower was involved during his long life, the failure of the U-2 stands out. If Eisenhower did not give permission for this last flight. If Khrushchev did not pick up the noise… the summit came to nothing, was missed the best chance to slow the arms race in the sixties, seventies and eighties.The Publication Of Evgeny Zhirnov
