in the absence of special cooling elements, support heavy structures can lose stability, then expect trouble. Academician Vladimir Melnikov, a world authority in the field of Cryology, on the “Economy of the Ural Federal district” is not once mentioned Norilsk in view of increasing threats of residential and industrial infrastructure. But such risks are caused by many other cities of the circumpolar region.
the Scientists of the Institute X-BIO Tyumen state University and Tyumen scientific center Siberian branch of Russian Academy of Sciences in partnership with foreign colleagues are studying climate change in the Arctic, their impact on the ecosystem and the lifestyle of northerners. Not only that, the average air temperature in high latitudes, in the same Yamal Peninsula, recent increases twice faster than the whole of the planet, in these areas are highlighted so-called heat island. They are all connected either with the construction of housing blocks, or with a concentration of production facilities.
For example, Nadym, which at the time, a springboard for the development of gas fields in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. A small town with the population of 45 thousand people, enterprises, which could have a destabilizing thermal effects on the environment, no. But the microclimate in residential quarters very different from the surrounding tundra.
– Observations during the past winter showed: once abated wind, the temperature in Nadym was 3.5 and even seven degrees higher than at the site of a meteorological station at a nearby airport. And so day after day, year after year. The lack of cold so great that the active layer of the soil is increased, and productivity of plant communities growing, – said a senior researcher at the Centre for remote sensing and environmental behalf of the Nansen Centre and climate research Bjerknes named Igor Esau.
a Similar pattern, only with a smaller range of temperatures observed at major industrial sites of oil and gas fields, including those far beyond the Arctic circle. Thawing of frozen soils is increasingly felt of mining and operating company, which, says Esau, forced to increase budgets for the stabilization of permafrost under roads and structures. Given the amplitude is not enough of the recommendations of the world meteorological organization and the hydrometeorological centre of Russia for construction in areas relating to permafrost soils. According to forecasts of scientists crisologo, up to half of the population of the North of Western Siberia lives in conditions where by the end of this century, 80 percent of the infrastructure falls into the high risk zone of destruction.
In the latest research work of the group of researchers of the centre “SKOLKOVO” about the impact on the economy of the global climate threat leading��Xia shocking facts and figures. So, the last 40 years the temperature increase in the Russian Arctic was 4.5 times faster than elsewhere on the planet. In particular, last year, became the history of national meteorological warmest, the temperature was above normal on average 2.5 degrees. Subsequently the highest increase in surface temperature is expected in winter, and it increases in the Northern direction. Due to changes in the external environment many buildings of the 1960-ies are in poor condition. So, in Norilsk the number of buildings that received damage in the last ten years, was higher than in the preceding half-century. On Yamal the life of winter roads, without which the normal functioning of the region is impossible, from year to year decreases. And, as we have seen in the last season, some snowy roads even failed to run the operation. Economic losses can amount to hundreds of billions of rubles.
– climate Change are irregular, waves. The more we interfere, the more powerful the process temperature fluctuations. The changes complicate the life on the Yamal Peninsula. Definitely should be aware of the threats to be proactive, to solve the problem in the perspective of Economics and demography, – said, speaking in Novy Urengoy for managers of energy companies and heads of state agencies, chair of the Department of meteorology and climatology of geographical faculty of Moscow state University Alexander Kislov.
permafrost occupies more than 60 percent of the territory of the Russian Federation, and studying of its workers less and less, bitterly says Vladimir Melnikov. In the post-perestroika years the number of specialized academic institutions were closed, there was permafrost Institute in Yakutsk and the Earth cryosphere Institute in Tyumen. If in 1990 these institutions together employed about a thousand people, now – four times less.
