the Share of payments for heat and electricity of some groups of the population of Russia of the total cost is 31%. This situation is typical especially for the residents of old houses built in the 50 – 60-ies of the last century. KPMG called it “a trap of energy poverty” is a high energy consumption and growth of subsidies due to the low quality of housing low-income citizens.
the problem can be Solved parentrow system of cross-subsidies, confident in KPMG. But the aim of reform should be not simply the General reduction of tariffs for the population, and the elimination of energy poverty through energy efficiency and targeted benefits for the population.
Cross-subsidization is a mechanism for regulating the prices of electricity, which implies that part of the payment for the consumed electricity is passed from one user to another. In our country, this scheme works, including the retention of growth of tariffs for the population. KPMG believe that it is time to change this mechanism, because the most supported by cross-subsidies are citizens who in fact do not need it or need it, but not in such amount.
In Russia, home of the class A and B (the highest classes of energy efficiency of housing) costs 30-90% less energy for heating, ventilation, hot water and electricity than a house of lower class. At the same time, since they most often have an electric hob, you pay electricity to their tenants at reduced rates. KPMG these rates are called “superlight”. They also have owners of their own houses – individual housing construction (IZHS). At the same time, residents of houses of class D and below including the most developed “energy poverty”, for example, residents of “Khrushchev”, as the happy owners of gas stoves are paid at the full rate, consuming much more electricity because of the poor energy efficiency of their homes.
Their rate is still below the market – its average discount to the sales price small and medium businesses is 2.2 RUB./kWh(36%). But the average discount is “generous” rate to the market price even more – by 3.3. RUB/kWh(52%). If in 2015 at the “full” rate was calculated for 43% of consumers are already less than half, then in 2020 is projected to reduce this share up to 37%. While in 2015-2020 the growth of electricity consumption by the population is provided exclusively due to the “generous” category.
KPMG believe that the “superligue” residents of new homes and suburban individual housing agglomerations have become over the last decade, one of the largest and at the same time the most inefficient components of the “crossroads.” These benefits are presented to the machine for the most wealthy citizens – buyingusers of the new buildings, besides having a lower energy check utility services for heat is relatively older, less efficient buildings. As of 2020, amount of cross-subsidies to reduce tariffs for the population is estimated at 446 billion.
it is Worth emphasizing that cross-subsidization exists not only in Russia. It has long been a tool of energy and climate policy, as well as direct tariff support energy-intensive exporters on the EU markets and the USA. The amount of cross-subsidization in the UK, France and the United States exceeds the Russian in 2-3 times, and in Germany 5 times. But in these countries, obtained from cross-subsidization, funds are redirected for targeted support of the “energy poor” population and qualified energy-intensive consumers, as well as market development of renewable energy and energy efficiency. KPMG believe that due to this already on the horizon 2025-2030 markets in the US and the EU can provide the electricity prices at or below domestic.
