Nakanune of Victory Day, the Museum of Moscow opens two online project dedicated to the great Patriotic war. Exhibition “The Letter. 75 words about the War” and “Boris and Olga Ignatovich. Two faces of war” talk about the days gone by living language the witnesses through letters and pictures of war photographers brother and sister Ignatovich. Specially for “MK” the curators have chosen the most interesting shots of the legendary photographers and found in the archives of history associated with them.
the pioneers of the Soviet avant-garde photography of the 1920s and 30s Boris Ignatovich and his younger sister Olga from the first days of the war were at the forefront – at the Kalinin front. They were made for the army newspaper “Battle flag”. Their photo was captured as the battle scenes and the life of war – a field company, field kitchens, eskadronny cavalry, Bryansk partisans, snipers, scouts and front barbers. Behind each picture – the whole story. It’s not only stories of war heroes, but not everyone knows the details, facts, and events that made the Victory possible, as well as the history resulting from, an echo of war – the life after… And some of them we now describe.
Dog-nurses
This photograph Olga Ignatovich says that not only men fought in the war. Dog – fighting comrade. During the fighting dogs acted as scouts, signalmen, medics. Finally, they were indispensable in the guard.
in 1924, with the Highest infantry tactical school “the Shot” in Moscow was formed the nursery of military and sporting dogs of the red army for different purposes. In the great Patriotic war, these dogs worked on their own – sought out the wounded. Dog with medical bag and light sled found wounded, licking, brought to life, framed by side with the purse to the wounded man made a bandage, and when he lay on the sled and started to pull him to his people.
Most of them formed esedova-care team. They took out the wounded from the battlefield, but in the opposite direction delivered ammunition, medicines, food. One team was released about three nurses.
along the whole front from the North sea to the Black sea served about 15,000 sled. They were taken to the rear about 700 thousand wounded. Known cases when on the account of dogs-the nurses there were hundreds of lives saved.
in addition, the dogs blew up more than 300 German tanks, brought more than 200 thousand reports found more than 4 million minutes in the red army served more than 60,000 dogs.
2017 each August at the Museum of Victory, with the support of RVIA, the Day of frontline dogs: August 19, 1943 on the stretch Polotsk—Drissa shepherd-saboteur Dean dumped on a railway line pack with powerful charge, pulled it out of the pin and got��and to his own, becoming the first dog to survivors of undermining the enemy echelon.
Fire weapon in the backpack
the nearest soldier in the frame in the hands of the flamethrower ROKS-3 — knapsack flamethrower Klyuev–Sergeeva, developed in the early 1942, the designer of NII of chemical engineering M. P. Sergeyev and designer military factory No. 846 V. N. Kluyev.
the Main purpose of the weapons was defeated by a jet of burning ognesmesi enemy troops in a fortified firing points (Bunkers and Pillboxes) as well as in the trenches and moves the message. The flamethrower was used to combat enemy armored vehicles and for arson of buildings. Each knapsack flamethrower was served by one infantryman. Gametangia was short (lasting 1-2 seconds) and long (3-4 seconds) shots. The maximum range of throwing under favorable conditions, 40-42 meters. One charging cylinder with the reservoir enough for 6-8 short shots.
Formed a separate company backpack flamethrowers (120 per company), and from may 1944 — and separate battalions dvuhromovo composition. Most often company backpack flamethrowers were attached as a means of enhancing infantry regiment or assault engineer-sapper battalion.
Thousands of shadows
One of the most peaceful scenes you could imagine in wartime: men see the car, freshly washed, and beautiful. Standing at the petrol station and discuss the merits of its engine.However, it’s the spring of 1945, March, 20 Jan ended the fighting for the city. And behind the gas station to make sure the name of the Standard the frame of the house and the skeleton of the tree…And who knows what the issue is worse: if it will bloom a tree in the spring, or what happened to those, who before the war lived in that house? (In 1938 the Germans in the city, burned the synagogue, stole to the ghetto part of the population, in 1943, staged a concentration camp. In the cemetery of Soviet soldiers in the city are buried 6278 soldiers. And all the city is now less than 26 thousand inhabitants)… And so for each peaceful scene at the end of the war are thousands of shadows of those who will never see the world.
Story bridge
Floridsdorfer bridge (Floridsdorfer Brücke) across the Danube was opened in 1924. It was built on the site opened in 1874, the bridge named after the Kaiser Franz Joseph, who ceased to satisfy the requirements of the time. On the night of 14 April 1945 the retreating Germans blew up the bridge, hit the river, its Central span.
the Engineering troops of the red Army had originally built a wooden walkway and in the autumn of 1945 began the restoration of the bridge. On may 19, 1946 with a huge crowd of people, in the presence of Chancellor Leopold Figl, foreign Minister Karl Gruber and military commandant of Vienna, Lieutenant-General N. F. Lebedenko bridge was opened. At the gala mit��nge the mayor of Vienna, Theodor körner announced that the restored bridge will be called the “bridge Malinowski” (Malinowski-Brücke) in honor of Marshal, commander of the 2nd Ukrainian front, whose troops were in Vienna from the North.
July 18, 1955, by resolution of the city Council for culture and public education bridge and a number of streets and squares renamed in 1945-1946, were returned to their historical names. With maps of Vienna, also gone is the square, Stalin, street, and bridge the red Army, street Tolbukhin.
In 1978, near the old Floridsdorfer bridge was opened a new modern. Old was subsequently dismantled.
Marshall communications
Before you Marshal of armies of communication of the people’s Commissar of communications of the USSR Ivan T. Peresypkin (1904-1978). He became the youngest holder of the title of Marshal of the armed forces is 39 years of age. During the great Patriotic war provided command and control communications and communications of the army. He personally went to the front 21 times, directly participated in the battle of Moscow, battle of Stalingrad, battle of Kursk, in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States. Lieutenant General, then Colonel-General of the signal corps. He was awarded four orders of Lenin, order of October Revolution, two orders of red banner, order of Kutuzov I degree, red Star, “For service to Motherland in the USSR Armed forces” 3rd degree, medals.
Sophist – the last horse Budyonny
Born in 1945 stallion budennovskaya breed Sophist was the last horse Semyon Mikhailovich. “The horse felt the approach of Budyonny, when he was still in the yard: not seeing the owner, the horse flapped his ears, and he was laughing. Semyon Mikhailovich came to your pet like a human, something tender has whispered in his ear, and he put his head on the shoulder of the master, listened to him. Gently stroking the head and neck of a horse, Semyon Mikhailovich had treated it with crackers or carrots. The horse gently nuzzling his nose in the master’s hand froze, slightly squinting eye. Then he dutifully and accurately executed commands, served alternately legs, knelt down, walked over to his master as the child for the mother,” said one of the friends of the Marshal.
it Budyonny sat the last time at the age of 87 years. The horse lived for 33 years, having gone through the owner for five years. Recent years, the Sophists lived at the Moscow stud farm.
to See the Sophist can be today: he became the model for the sculptor N. V. Tomsk at the creation of the equestrian monument to M. I. Kutuzov, standing in front of the Museum-panorama “Borodino battle”.
