recently in Moscow from complications caused by a coronavirus, died 61-year-old ambulance doctor Mikhail Lebedev. “Today died our colleague, employee of the neonatal resuscitation team Scene them. A. S. Puchkov, Lebedev, Mikhail Mikhailovich. He was a good, kind and very bright man. COVID-19 no regrets” – a record left number 27 a doctor Anatoly krushelnitsky. And the next day the President in his address to the Russians announced that henceforth April 28 will mark the day of the ambulance. Where did our famous service “03”.
the presence of the ambulance service today, Muscovite is as familiar as running water and electricity in the house. But there-it is only a little over a hundred years ago.
the Decision was taken by the Medical and sanitary Board under the chairmanship of the people’s Commissar of health N. A. Semashko in July 1919. And on October 15 the doctor Leonid G. Ovasapov went to the first emergency call.
Then, a century ago, in a Moscow ambulance (from which has grown the service “03” across the country) was only one car. He was standing in the garage near the Miusskaya square, meanwhile as the city ambulance Station was located on the territory of the Institute. Sklifosofskiy. It is easy to imagine how much time passed from the receipt of the call until requested by phone to the duty Manager, the car traveled from the garage to the Station and from there, taking a medical team were sent to the victim. But sometimes had to go to the other end of the city!
However, since 1930 in the capital started to implement the principle of decentralization of medical outreach brigades “fast”. Their number the time have increased significantly. In different parts of the capital were opened substation Services, thereby significantly increasing efficiency of work of physicians. By the way, in that period, after the appearance in Moscow of the first automatic telephone stations and arose which became so famous for the digital combination – “03” to call a medical team to the patient or the victim.
the First head of the Moscow ambulance station has appointed Dr. Vladimir Petrovich pomortseva, but he soon sickness was forced to resign from her position. In 1922, the head of Service Alexander Puchkov – the man who is considered the founder of this system, “medical rapid response”, the Creator of the basic principles of its work, used until today.
Puchkov was head of the Metropolitan ambulance for over 30 years – from 1922 to 1952, About this amazing doctor and the organizer, whose name is now the Moscow ambulance station, the correspondent of “MK” learned a lot from his father. – In his younger years, being a paramedic, and then an EMT for a long time worked under Puchkov, was well acquainted with him.
Here are just a few facts from the history of service “03” and its actual “parent”.
At the initiative of Alexander in 1925 in our city for the first time in the world! – there are ambulance – emergency medical care at home.
Later, in the second half of the 1930s – early 1950s, Puchkov took part in the development of the ambulance for “ambulance” on the basis of the automobile limousine ZIS-101 and ZIS-110. (“Nurse” resulting from “one hundred tenth”, has caused astonishment even from the Americans, renowned for their achievements in the automotive industry: such “advanced” medical machine they did not yet exist.)
It is proposed that the Beams be dispersed on-duty teams, arranging several substations “fast” in different areas of a huge city. After some time, for a thesis on the organization of ambulance Service in Moscow, Alexander Sergeevich was awarded the rank of the candidate, and from doctors, is a case of a rare.
However, despite the scientists received “titles”, A. S. Puchkov always and everywhere considered myself first and foremost a doctor. Even in his will ordered to be buried necessarily in a white medical gown!
the Word “doctor” was to him a comprehensive. Well, what would seem relevant to the work of a specialist “ambulance” has the shape of bottles, which are Packed at the factory vinegar? But the Bundles seen here is the direct link and insisted on the implementation of his proposal. He wanted now essence become sealed bottles in an unusual triangular shape: it’s harder to confuse in the kitchen cupboard this caustic substance with other, not so dangerous liquids. (As a result puchkovsky offers a number of people landed in the hospital after mistakenly took a swig of vinegar at home was drastically reduced.)
In the harsh Beams of 1941, being still at the head of the Moscow ambulance station and repeatedly going to the place of incident, drew attention to the frequent cases of fainting among the hungry residents. After analyzing the situation, he found that many of the victims came to this state because were deprived of their monthly ration cards that have been lost or stolen. How can we help? – Because if such a disaster happened in the beginning of the month, the man had to starve for many days! And Bundles offered to give card not months, but decades. Seemingly simple innovation, but it saved a lot of people.
Professor of medicine D. V. Petrov recalled how one day when it Puchkov called from your Cabinet the Director of the Central Park of culture and rest and ��alegrijes demanded that he, the Director, immediately ordered to explore the ponds in the Park and to remove from the coast all the boards and other “crafts”, as a few days ago, riding through a Park pond on a makeshift raft, drowned child. Alexander worried that this will not happen again.
Caring about the reduction of accidents sudaev in the capital of the Beams was a real inventor-innovator. As my father told me, thanks to Alexander at the end of the metro escalators were metal “comb” instead of the former flat of the nut, and the steps of the “stair-chudesnitsa” began to make ribbed. – This design prevented the legs of unwary passengers were sucked into the narrow gap between the floor and the moving escalator steps.
Moscow trams has not escaped modernization “from the speaker”. For many years a familiar sight for residents were bunches of people hanging on the footboards doors crowded carriages. Happen oncoming trams, the guests on sharp turns, cling to such “hanging riders” and threw them right under the wheels. To discourage the public from Catania in doorways, fraught with serious injuries, Alexander suggested to change the shape of the running boards on the cars, covering them outside with a special shields. And the doors of the tram that had once opened a simple click of a hand of a passenger (often on the fly), not without the insistent requests of head of the Moscow ambulance was equipped with a pneumatic actuator, to include the driver only stops.
Here’s a “real” memory of himself left the main Creator of ambulance Service Alexander Puchkov. – The doctor, the Guardian of human lives.
Today, in any extreme conditions, doctors – including those who work on “fast” has become for us in the Guard, fighting at the point of attack. They already are in these battles the losses. But do not back down. For it – a huge, sincere thanks, sometimes people Express the most unexpected way. There is information that in St. Petersburg, one of the local residents organized an impromptu memorial Wall – hung on the fence photos of physicians who died during the epidemic of the coronavirus, laying next to bouquets of flowers.
