Switzerland is one of the world’s leading when it comes to AI research. The Figures of “AI Index Report 2019”, an international project of the Stanford University show. In 2018, our country per capita has published 68 studies on artificial intelligence and 75 to Deep Learning. Switzerland in terms of research and development, the global number two, only Singapore is still active. Research laboratories at the ETH, the EPFL, the University of Zurich, the IBM Research at Idiap in Lausanne or at the Dalle Molle Institute in Ticino research for decades, artificial intelligence, Autonomous systems and machine Learning. The resulting Know-how companies like Google, IBM, Disney Research or Yahoo to Zurich. In addition, countless Start-ups, focusing on image recognition, speech recognition and many other areas. For the year 2017, Switzerland reported per capita in the world, most of the AI companies.
The research is top, but in the implementation it seems to be lacking. A study by the market research Institute, the MSM and the Swisscom showed 2018: In terms of AI, Swiss companies are still at the beginning. For 47 percent of the companies surveyed, the specific Use of KI solutions was not as evident. Reason lack of Knowledge was: 58 percent of respondents defendant of this.
This gap between research and application shows that AI means a lot of things. And not all the Same.
The Visionary
When the Zurich-based entrepreneur Pascal Kaufmann artificial intelligence is talking, he is thrilled: “The Race will be decided in the next five to ten years,” he says on the phone. The Race: The neuro-scientist says the race to be the first human-like, “General” artificial intelligence. And Zurich wants to do with the money his Foundation is a minimum of fire to the pioneer. To do this he organised last October a “round table”, the head of the cantonal Department of economic Affairs, Carmen Walker Späh, was also present, as representatives of the ETH Zurich, the ZHAW and the universities of Zurich and Lugano, as well as the industry. The media was touted as a “shoulder-to-shoulder for the launch of a centre for artificial intelligence and robotics in Zurich”.
At the Meeting, Participants adopted the “Belvoir Manifest for AI”. Main target: An international research lab in Zurich, to build. “We want to connect 200’000 to 300’000 people,” says Kaufmann. “It will be a virtual Lab. I was sitting as an Avatar in Shanghai in a lecture. You can study at ten to twenty universities, at the same time.” The methodology is similar to that of a merchant company star mind, the major companies linked internally. In the process of learning, self-end Algorithms which Expertise Profiles of users to create automated and problems completely autonomously to the appropriate experts in the world forward.
the aim of the laboratory is the creation of a “Robot Scientists” by 2030. “A people may act with similar artificial intelligence that is curious and creative, interactive, independent learning and within the shortest period of time 100 million Papers to read instead of just a few dozen as the person who will be able to revolutionize the research,” says Kaufmann. Cancer, research on aging: the problems of The research could be solved, according to the businessman much more efficient. For a merchant the cost of this endeavor in the billions.
this Is only a spinning or realistic? A businessman believes in the feasibility of a human-like AI: “We want to build artificial brains, we want to understand the principle of intelligence. So no artificial birds build, but aircraft.” The current AI research but are probably on the wrong track. Deep Neural Networks and machine Learning would have thrown the AI-research and the understanding of the principles of intelligence rather than encouraged. “It is based on the false notion that the brain is a fast Computer,” says Kaufmann. “Today, KI has to look at 100 million cat pictures until it detects a cat. A small child sees a single cat, strokes it and know that this is a cat.” The brain is rather a Small data instead of Big data machine. “Perhaps the brain is more a kind of super-organism, which consists of billions of actors, which, in turn, certain rules to follow. These rules can be understood by means of the latest technology in prototypes applied.”
The skeptics
AI researchers: Hervé Bourlard has already come, many “Hubs” and go see it. For over 20 years, the Belgian researcher at Idiap, research Institute for Artificial intelligence, affiliated with the EPFL. “I’m not sure whether we need a new Hub,” he says. “People, for example, when the Federal government, the fear that Switzerland would miss the train. What Is The Train? We are not too late. We investigate step by step, like all the others.” Switzerland is in the world already well positioned.
The Initiative observed Bourlard from the distance. “I don’t even know what is supposed to be a human-like intelligent robots. I myself would never claim that I can do something even close to a real artificial intelligence is like.” What would today be referred to as AI, is the processing, especially machine Learning and data science: data, data understand about this data human behavior modeling. This highly developed mathematics to get to the train: statistics, correlations and non-linear modelling. “This is 90 percent of what makes AI today,” he says. Because: “at The Moment there is no intelligence in the artificial intelligence. And this will probably remain for at least the next 50 years.”
he cites the example of Autonomous vehicles. “I don’t think this will come in the next couple of years,” he prophesied. “Even if a car has all the Sensors and its environment can realize not to understand to Recognize, as we do as people,” he says. “We are not nearly in the range to build really smart cars.” The term artificial intelligence was actually the incorrect term. A word of the marketing, the building an Economy of promises, and false expectations brochure. “KI”: The put on simply money.
Instead of the artificial intelligence to hunt, wants to Hervé Bourlard realize a different Vision: using AI to speed up communication and optimize. For example, virtual conference tools – what is times from home office is more necessary than ever.
“In ten or twenty years will relieve AI of the people,” he says. For example, in medicine: radiologists would have to rely in minor cases, a AI, and so have more time for serious cases. “AI assists. It does not replace the people.”
Therefore, Hervé Bourlard is based on research, which can be used in the Here and Now. “Many companies digitize correctly your data. And then they often don’t know what to do with the data.” Therefore, the KI-Master of Idiap relies on direct collaboration with industry: students make a distance-learning course and are already integrated in companies.
The pragmatist
“today, The potential of AI lies not in Science-Fiction, but applicable solutions for all industries,” says Andy Fitze. He is the co-founder of Swiss Cognitive, a company which the interests of different players together around artificial intelligence. “The desire for Human-like artificial intelligence is a cul-de-SAC and stoking fear,” he says. What we need now, are good examples of practical applications in the industry. “Deeds instead of words.” Switzerland have with their institutions, Start-ups and local and global companies, already a prominent global position in the AI.
Fitze locates in Switzerland, two industries in which AI has great potential. First of all, the health care industry. Here, image recognition could outdo people in the diagnosis – as is already the case of breast cancer the case. Also, the development of drugs that could put AI on the head. The second industry is the logistics. Here, KI has yet to arrive hardly. “On the optimization of the utilization of roads, Railways, and car you could save billions of Swiss francs in the further Development of the infrastructure,” says Fitze. He also believes that Autonomous vehicles would not be used so soon, also because of public resistance. But semi-Autonomous. “It’s the people, the traffic jam will produce different speeds. Semi-Autonomous vehicles could prevent. Trucks, for example, some part of it could go semi-Autonomous.” There are many more applications that would make the world a better place: optimization of agriculture through the intelligent use of fertilizers or pest management, crisis management by means of drones – the list is long.
The artificial intelligence shows, is a child with many names. Entrepreneurs, Visionaries, and Researchers expect very Different things from her. But one thing they all have in common: This kid inspires the imagination.
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