Most people have had their first booster vaccination for a long time. The number of infections is currently increasing again – and autumn and winter are coming too. Is it time for a fourth corona vaccination?
Many have not had the yellow vaccination card in their hands for a long time. Because: The third vaccination against Covid-19 was a while ago for most people, often more than half a year.
So far, only about six percent of Germans have received a fourth vaccination, according to the vaccination dashboard of the Federal Ministry of Health. Background: The Standing Committee on Vaccination (Stiko) has so far only recommended a second vaccination booster for certain groups.
In view of the increasing number of infections, some are concerned: How good is my vaccination protection? Does a fourth vaccination make sense for me – even if I don’t fall under the Stiko recommendation? Here’s information that might help you make a decision.
The Standing Vaccination Commission recommends a second booster vaccination for four groups of people. This includes everyone over the age of 70 and people who are affected by an immune deficiency.
The recommendation also applies to residents of nursing homes and to everyone who works in medical or nursing facilities.
If the recommendation applies because your health is at risk, you should get the fourth vaccination no earlier than three months after the third. For medical staff, according to Stiko, at least six months should have elapsed.
There is currently no clear answer to this question – there is no way around weighing up your personal situation.
But one thing is clear: immunity to Covid-19 decreases over time. “There is not complete protection or no protection at all, but protection is graded in between,” says infectiologist Christoph Spinner. He is senior physician and infectiologist at the University Hospital Rechts der Isar of the Technical University of Munich.
According to him, the best vaccination protection is one to three months after the third vaccination. After that it decreases – but not with everyone to the same extent and speed.
“In older people, the protection decreases more quickly because their immune system can no longer be trained as well by vaccination as that of younger people,” explains Spinner, who also researches corona vaccines.
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Chronically ill and immunocompromised people generally respond less well to the vaccination and also lose protection more quickly, according to the infectiologist. For them, a fourth or even fifth vaccination makes more sense.
According to Tobias Welte from the Hanover Medical School, how the vaccination protection behaves over time can also depend on gender: on average, it decreases faster in men than in women.
The director of the clinic for pneumology advises not to look at a fourth vaccination with false expectations. “Vaccination still protects against serious illness very, very reliably,” says Welte.
But the currently circulating omicron variants are easily transferrable. “With BA.5, for example, even after three vaccinations, the protective effect against infection is now less than 20 percent,” says Welte.
It is better not to expect the second booster to completely avoid such an infection.
no “You can’t measure the antibody levels across the board in order to make a decision about another vaccination,” says Tobias Welte. It is not possible to determine exactly when a further refresher would be a good idea for you personally.
In the end, the individual decision also depends on what risk of infection you have due to your lifestyle – and how much contact you have with vulnerable people in everyday life.
“If the last vaccination was six months ago and someone now wants to go to festivals or major events in summer, another vaccination is probably advisable,” says Christoph Spinner. “Anyone who works from home and has few contacts outside of family and friends can certainly wait a little longer.”
One thing is certain for the Munich infectiologist: There will be another booster for him before the Oktoberfest – two to four weeks in advance so that the vaccination protection has built up in time for the start of the Oktoberfest.
Keyword timing: This can also play a role in individual decision-making. “If we only get the really strong increase in the number of cases in autumn, those who are now vaccinated will no longer have the best protection,” says Welte.
“A second booster vaccination is by no means a mistake if the first one was at least three months ago,” says Christoph Spinner. However, how great the benefit is depends primarily on whether you belong to a risk group and how long ago the last vaccination was.
However, if the third and fourth vaccinations follow each other too quickly, this is of little use. “The immune system cannot react to this at all due to its limited capacities. If you keep stimulating it, there will be no further reaction,” explains Tobias Welte.
He advises keeping a gap of six months between the third and fourth vaccination.
“Then the disease is also a kind of booster,” says Welte. However, it is unclear how long the antibodies formed in this way protect. From his point of view, you can possibly wait longer than six months with the fourth vaccination in this case. But the same applies here: There is a lack of data to make tangible recommendations.
“In general, it can be said that every contact with the virus – be it through vaccination or infection – increases immunity,” summarizes Spinner.
A difficult question, finds infectiologist Spinner: “You would have to weigh the risk of waiting until the next vaccination against the possible advantages of the new vaccine.”
Too many questions are still unanswered for the experts: How well do the specific Omikron vaccines work – also against other, new variants? When will they be admitted? When in doubt, it is better to work with what is already available – the currently approved vaccines.
According to Tobias Welte, there is one thing you should not forget when considering the autumn: the flu vaccination. According to the pulmonologist, it is likely that we will have a strong wave of influenza in autumn and winter.
Good to know: “You can do both vaccinations in one day – the corona vaccination in one arm, the flu vaccination in the other.”
