Indeed, the rapid development of technology has brought a lot of ethical problems. Especially when using data in medicine. Here’s the dilemma. The more you know about the person including the individual, even the most intimate details of his life, the robot better diagnosis. But who can guarantee that the patient will be known only car? And some of the patients with an incurable disease, for example, or a tendency to suicide, the result will not take on the job, don’t give him the insurance.
How to find the balance that will ensure the privacy of the person and the efficient development technologies at the same time? Is it possible? About it our conversation with Alexander Gusev, member of the Supervisory Board of the Association of developers and users of artificial intelligence to medicine “national database of medical knowledge”, member of Expert Council of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation on the use of information and communication technologies in the health care system.
Alexander, in your opinion, can solve this contradiction?
Alexander Gusev: Yes, if personal information about the person to depersonalize. To an artificial mind, they are not needed. The robot does not need to bring either a passport or a policy. For artificial intelligence important the scale of the data, the so-called big data. So when a wise approach and “sheep are safe and wolves are fed”. That is, companies will be able to create products based on the technology of artificial intelligence, and their result will be as productive as possible, and hence the quality of medical care will be far higher.
Most readers you say, “And to anonymised data can be used to find the course, and then use them in the mercenary purposes”. How to be?
Alexander Gusev: of Course, the guarantee of “a thousand” interest, no one will be able to give while in any country of the world. Because the question of ethics and numbers and is today one of the most acute in the development of technologies based on AI. But let’s face it: fully guarantee the safety of secrets in today’s reality it is impossible without artificial intelligence. 99 percent of us sit in social networks. Many have enabled location services in phones. Almost all of us use credit cards. And all this is partly a medical mystery, because the behavior in social networks, by frequency of visiting health care organizations, what we buy, how often go to restaurants, and even how many times we were married, a technology company can learn about our health far more than we can imagine. But no because this basis does not propose to ban mobile phones, Bank cards or social networks. Same thing with depersonalized medical data. To account for ATICEskie the nuances of the problem, I think we should fix the law to processing and access to such data was governed and controlled by the state. If we just sit and eat your fears, we will not have any new projects or growth. And Russian companies with excellent projects and a great potential so will never be released to the global market.
Today, in fact, has already formed the basic model of relations between the different countries of the world to use data about the person. At one extreme, China, where the authorities do not consider it shameful to know about the man his entire story, and to use the data “for his benefit” on the other – Britain with her highly sensitive with respect to personal data. What do you think, which scheme is closest to Russia?
Alexander Gusev: I Think we should be on his way. In China use personal data, and, regardless of the wishes of citizens. And we are, of course, will cause a clear rejection of society. All the known notorious index of reliability of Chinese. Camera scanning each step: Naham seller in the shop – the index decreases, you buy a lot of alcohol – it is even lower. But if you do sports and go to library – then your trustworthiness in the eyes of the state becomes higher. Almost Orwellian. But the Chinese themselves, and do not think about their privacy, they consider the system as a whole is fair. The use of data allows China and technology rapidly develop. There are almost no areas where they would not have been at the forefront. Because artificial intelligence is not only a sophisticated mechanism of surveillance of citizens. The medical data in China combined with information from social networks, geographical location, economic and environmental data. Integration of information sources into datasets that can be analyzed, becomes the key to using big data. Big data are generated and processed with such speed that allows you to quickly use them for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
And in the US, for example, last year launched the program “All of us”. She will gather genome data, data about the environment and way of life of one million Americans. These data will be used in health care. And this is the first in the world program, which not only collects, but also gives an analysis of each of the participants. In the UK there is a Biobank, where collected data on tens of thousands of Britons. Of course, anonymous, and solely for the purpose of development of new technologies in medicine.
Ripe if our society is to such programs in the U.S. “we All”?
Alexander Gusev: I think most people in our country talk sensibly, without any paranoia. They understand that the future lies in new technologies. We all need to decide what is more important for us to find in advance to blame for the mistakes of artificial intelligence or the time to begin development of this technology and growing private Russian companies and products, so you do not spend money on the purchase of foreign products, as recently happened with processors, operating systems and other it products.
On the Yamal Peninsula, the robot has analyzed nearly 30 thousand electronic medical records of the hospital in Muravlenko. In fact, almost the entire population of this small town, there are only -32 thousand inhabitants. In a third of cases were identified patients with high and very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Subsequently, the doctors invited them to a thorough examination.
in addition, using artificial intelligence, was conducted re-analyses of the results of the CT loaded into the Central archive of medical images of the region. The goal is to detect signs of lung cancer in the early stages. Were analyzed more than 600 images of patients. In 49 cases, artificial intelligence suspected signs of cancer. After repeated examinations, the doctors confirmed the preliminary diagnosis in 21 cases.
the Project, launched on the Yamal Peninsula, the pilot. He was held in clinical trials. But, experts believe, now he proved that the new technology will reduce the number of medical errors, predict the development of diseases, monitoring of patients and involve them in the care of their own health.
according to experts, artificial intelligence in varying degrees is used today already in 30 regions of the country.
