to Donate land for the construction of the dacha in Tsaritsyno began in 1858. Ancient palaces and scenic locations have always attracted Muscovites, and with the opening of the railway station Tsaritsyno in 1865 started a real boom in country: on one side of the railway arose the Old country towns Tsaritsyno, Air Garden, Popovka, Pokrovskaya Side, and on the other — the New tsarina and vorobevka. In Soviet times, dachas were nationalized, and their inhabitants dispersed. Now the “Tsaritsyno” Museum-reserve.
About who and how to spend time at the Tsaritsyno summer houses in the nineteenth century — in a joint material mos.ru and the Agency “Moscow”.
One of the famous Tsaritsyn truckers was the actual state Councilor physicist and inventor Dmitry Yezuchevsky. Scientist became famous thanks to the invention of a new type of portable camera — it was smaller then the existing Russian and foreign chambers and weighed only 2.5 kilograms against the standard at that time 10-12. A portable device has received the name “Shell for expeditions” and was first introduced in 1879 in the Russian technical community. Devices Ezuchevskogo received numerous awards at Russian and international exhibitions.
With his wife Anna Bernhardt they raised three sons, Vladimir, Dimitri and Michael. For a pleasant family holiday in 1881 Yezuchevsky rented for 36 years the land area of half a hectare on the mountain Popova in Tsaritsyn. The station was located on the right Bank of the Lower Tsaritsyno pond opposite the Third Cavalier building. The cottage was a large wooden two-storey house, farm buildings and greenhouses. Main territory was occupied by a large fruit garden, a track led down the steep slope to the shore of the pond, which Ezuchevsky built your own pool and boat dock.
the head of the family was fascinated with meteorology, so over the Central part of the house he was building the Observatory. In the adjoining wing had a tech lab, which designed the aquifer appliance and snapshot camera.
in the Summer the cottage to Ezuchevskogo often visited friends and colleagues, including Clement Timiryazev, also fond of photography. Guests admired the starry sky in the Observatory garden, in the hot days of swimming, boating and evening walk in the Park and staged Amateur theatricals.
After the scientist’s death in 1898 the cottage by the will moved wife, who soon decided to sell it. In the winter of 1904 possessions Ezuchevsky examined Anton Chekhov with his wife Olga Knipper-Chekhova. The writer has long been looking for a house in the suburbs, and the country he really liked. In a letter to his brother, Chekhov wrote:
Chekhov was an avid fisherman, and he was especially attracted to the possibility of “fishing trehpudovymi sturgeons” in the Tsaritsyno ponds. Despite the price which seemed too high, the writer decided to buy. The deal was scheduled for early may, but due to a sudden aggravation of the illness, Chekhov left for treatment in Europe, where he suddenly died.
Another famous Tsaritsyno summer people was a historian and archaeologist, one of the founders of the State historical Museum in Moscow Ivan Zabelin. Leading researcher of the material culture could not be interested in Tsaritsyn with its palaces and Park structures and ancient burial mounds.
the cottage in the Air, the Garden acquired the daughter of historian Maria in 1896 and concluding with specific Department a lease of the land for a period of 24 years. Two-storey houses purchased from mechanical engineer Michael Sekatawa, once repaired, was replaced shutters and doors, painted the roof, made the ladder and the gutter, made a palisade. In the country were also stables, coach house and gardens, which hired the gardener grew flowers. Content cottages are fully engaged Maria Ivanovna, second home rented out.
Zabelin had a rest and worked in Tsaritsyn every summer. In late 1890-ies of Ivan Egorovich together with the scientific Secretary of the Historical Museum, Vladimir Sizov organized on the territory of Tsaritsyno Park, the excavations of kurgans of the Vyatichi (XI–XIII century).
In the ancient burial mounds archaeologists under the direction Zabelin found the remains of ceramic vessels and other household items, women’s jewelry, bracelets, temple rings. All findings were submitted to the meeting of the State historical Museum. Exploring the history of garden and Park ensemble Tsaritsyno, Zabelin found a detailed inventory of the Tsaritsyno Park, made in 1825. He later published it in his work “Data on Moscow and the suburban gardens of the XVIII–XIX centuries. Garden in the village of Tsaritsyno”.
the Winter garden in Tsaritsyn was under the supervision of guards from a specific Department, but it is not always saved from robbers. In 1902, the attackers entered the country Zabelina and stole the dishes in the amount of 40 rubles (by modern standards — about 50 thousand rubles). Thieves never found, and at the request of Maria Ivanovna the case was closed. Since 1908 winter, it began to hire their own guards.
After the death of Zabelin in 1908, Maria Ivanovna has dedicated his life to processing and systematization of his works, and charity. In 1916 due to financial difficulties the country in Tsaritsyn had to be sold.
the Third cavalry building, built by Vasily Bazhenov in the 1776-1779 years, also has a suburban history. In 1872 under the construction of cottages rented it Ivan Davidov, a major philanthropist, rose to the highest rank of state Councilor. The building is adjacent to the land area of 1.43 hectares. Davie��s signed a contract for 24 years and began to settle.
Before him, the Third kavalersky building was rented as a restaurant and hotel, so when the building of David rebuilt it. To the house from the Bottom of the Tsaritsyno pond and built a terrace on the other side of the canopy. There was one more door opening of the Lancet form, additional window openings and oven, the stairs were laid. Crowned the building with an iron roof, painted green. Despite all the changes, thanks David for the Third cavalry building to the beginning of the XX century survived much better than other buildings of Vasily Bazhenov.
In this country grew more than one generation of David — musicians, writers, scientists, and major financiers. Perhaps the most famous representative of the family was the younger brother of Ivan yulevich — a musician of world level Creator and head of the Russian cello school in the second half of the nineteenth century, Karl Davydov (he just changed his name). Your impressions of your stay at the cottage of brother Karl Davydov transferred in instrumental plays “Nocturne” and “Mazurka” common title “the Memory of Tsaritsyn”.
Education Karl Davydov received at the Leipzig Conservatory with great success, toured Europe and played with the best musicians of the time — Ferenc Liszt, Anton Rubinstein, Vasily Safonov. As a token of appreciation for excellence in the founder of the Russian musical society count Mikhail wielhorsky gave Karl Yulyevich cello by Antonio Stradivari, as Tchaikovsky called him “king of all cellists of our century” and dedicated his symphonic piece “Italian Capriccio” (1880). In 1876-1887 years, Karl Yulievich held the position of Director of the St. Petersburg Conservatory.
In 1870-1880’s the cellist lived permanently in St. Petersburg, in the family nest came on a few days break from concerts and other concerns. Stepdaughter of the musician Tamara volkonskaia recalled:
One of the most expensive villas in Tsaritsyn owned by the Chairman of the First State Duma, one of founders of constitutional rights in Russia Sergei Muromtsev. The politician was married to the Opera singer, the soloist of the Bolshoi theatre Mary Klimentovo Muromtseva, with whom he raised three children — Olga, Vladimir and Maria.
In 1890-ies Muromtsev rented several plots on the left Bank of the Upper Tsaritsyno pond with a total area of about three hectares. The building was conducted on only one area — the rest of the area was a dense forest and was intended for walking. A large two-story house with an attic, towers and terraces had running water and electricity. Heated it with Dutch ovens. On the territory there was built a room for the kitchen, a coach house, stables and storagc�� janitor.
Sergey Muromtsev whole life was devoted to work in the country one of the rooms he was building as a personal office. The politician was an active supporter of the introduction of the Constitution in the development of reforms. It was on his dacha in 1905 held a secret meeting to draft “Basic law of the Russian Empire”, known as “the Constitution Muromtseva”. These provisions became the theoretical basis for further constitutional movement in Russia.
in addition to colleagues in the house Morozevich were often friends, relatives and neighbors. At the cottage in Tsaritsyno, in 1893 Sergei Andreevich met 12-year-old Boris Bugaev, the future writer Andrew White, who was in love with his youngest daughter, Manu.
the Family of Nicholas Muromtseva, the brother of Sergey Muromtsev who also spent summers in rented cottages in Tsaritsyn since the mid-1890s. Niece Vera Muromtseva policy became acquainted with Ivan Bunin, who later became her husband. On the meeting, which occurred in 1898, Vera said: “I remember him in Tsaritsyn, when I first saw it on a fine June day about flowering meadows, over the bridge on the intercession side with Catherine Mikhailovna Lopatina”.
another time, Bunin and Muromtseva met in 1906, the year they traveled together abroad, where they began their life together. They were married in 1922, after the official divorce the writer from his first wife. Throughout the life of Vera was a faithful friend and helper Bunin, after the writer’s death she has prepared for publication many manuscripts.
Not all famous Tsaritsyno gardeners leased land and built up their homes — great demand was for housing for rent. Such proposals repeatedly used one of the pioneers of expressionism Russian Silver age writer Leonid Andreev. In Tsaritsyn he spent one summer there, he met his future wife, and wrote several works.
for the First time Leonid Andreyev arrived in Tsaritsyno in 1896 as a tutor to one of his disciples. Here he became friends with relatives of the poet Taras Shevchenko — family Waligorski-Dobrovich.
Future writer could afford to rent only a room in a peasant’s hut, and all the free time he spent on the intercession side, in a solid house of new friends. In the same year Andreev began to develop a romantic relationship with Alexandra Waligorski, younger sister of the mistress of the cottage.
the Next two summer seasons Andreev held in Tsaritsyn. Relationship with Alexandra Waligorski the writer was not so easy: “the Nerves are broken completely. Suffering love. Yesterday was in Tsaritsyn and had some explanation with Shura” (1897). The young people were able to resolve all differences and married in 1902ode.
Tsaritsyno was reflected in the works of the writer in the story “Petka in the country” (1899), the author described the ruins of the Great Palace, railway station, Park, ponds and garden Tippman. At the cottage Andreev worked on the stories “the Silence” (1900) and “the fog” (1902). The turning point in the work of the writer of the story “Life Basil Thebes” (1903) is also directly connected with these places. On this piece he worked for more than a year and a half. Many times the concept changed and the name was originally supposed to be a short story, “Father Basil”, but in the end Andreev stayed at the names of the Tsaritsyno priest of the Church of the mother of God “life-giving spring” Alexei Thebes.
