Their names everyone knows.
the Story of scout and diversantki Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya was hanged by the Nazis, knows every student. But not everyone remembers that the brother of Zoe Alexander also became a Hero of the Soviet Union.
Younger sister of 2 years, in the incomplete 17 years, he went to the front after the death of Zoe and was trying to find her torturers. Alexander became famous during the assault of Koenigsberg. Lieutenant died at the age of 20 years.
the Famous pioneer-hero Marata Kazeya father Ivan was named in honor of the battleship “Marat”, which was used for military service. But in honor of Marat in 1968 was named a cargo boat the far Eastern shipping company.
14-year-old school girl Tanya Savicheva died in evacuation in 1944. Prior to that, during the siege of Leningrad, she kept a diary. In the USSR, he became known as well as in Western Europe, the diary of Anne Frank.
But “the siege” diaries among children and adolescents was not only Tanya. Not less valuable era documents are records of Lena Mukhina, Dima Semenov, Gali Zimnickas, Elizabeth Wade, and others. Many of them published for the first time only recently.
Many Russians remember and love the movie “Son of the regiment” directed by Georgi Kuznetsov. It was filmed in 1981 on the novel by Valentin Kataev. The film tells about the 12-year-old orphan Vanya, Solntsevo district, who became a scout.
According to the Central archive of the defense Ministry, during the war there were about 3.5 thousand soldiers under the age of 16 years, not counting the kids of the underground and partisan units. And even this figure may be understated, experts say.
the Appearance of the famous Leni Golikova, who received posthumously the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, has long remained a mystery. It was considered that photographs of Laziness is not preserved. For a portrait pioneer-hero, created by Victor Fomin in 1958, posed the sister of a young man named Lida. But later photos of the guerrillas was found.
the Underground Komsomol organization “Young Avengers” worked in the years 1941-1943 in the village of Obol, Belarus. Most of all, she is known thanks to a 17-year-old Zina Portnova, who poisoned more than a hundred German officers.
in Addition to the diversion of soup, “Young Avengers” has had many major operations. In the summer of 1943 the underground blew up the tower, a power plant, a brick factory, a flax factory, a railway warehouse and a motor at the peat factory. Later a mine saboteurs blew up a German Punisher and executioner Karl Bormann.
Ukrainian partisan-scout Vale Kitten at the time of death was barely 14 years old. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union, he was awarded posthumously in 1958.
According to legend, the famous sculpture “Girl with a paddle”, later widely replicated, Ivan Shadr fashioned with Faith voloshinoy St., students of the Moscow InstituteTA physical education. As a scout, in 1941, the Faith was abandoned in the German rear, where he soon died — the Germans hanged her on a roadside willow.
Another episode from the biography of Vera Voloshina is very symbolic. In the summer of 1941 a girl, having passed exams at the Institute, went to Moscow Zagorsk for practice. Along with the classmates she went to the Department store. Girls bought Faith white silk dress — the following year she was getting married. On the same day Voloshin learned that the war began. It was June 22.
14-year-old Partizan Vladimir Dubinin from the Crimea was of small stature. He was able to get on a very narrow holes and to penetrate into considered inaccessible areas. During one of intelligence he learned, that the Germans are going to flood the quarry. Risking his life, he in the daytime passed enemy positions, the guerrillas warned about the danger and saved the lives of the whole squad.
About the teenage heroes during the great Patriotic war, written many books and filmed a lot of movies. Some of them pursued a single goal — promotion. Some were real masterpieces. Among them is the debut film of Andrei Tarkovsky “Ivan’s childhood” about a 12-year scout. The film won the Golden lion at the International Venice film festival in 1962.
Victor Korobkov from Theodosia died at the age of 15. Along with his father was tortured by the Gestapo and then shot. During the life of the young guerrillas were known for outstanding success in studies, for which he twice encouraged a trip to “Artek”. This is not surprising, because Victor had a photographic memory.
German artist Elvira of Eisenhauer became a scout of the red army. The girl’s father was a member of the Communist party of Germany. After coming to power of the Nazis, the family fled to the Soviet Union.
From his father’s death and mother’s illness, Elvira came to the orphanage. The girl joined the young Communist League and was preparing to enter the Literary Institute in Moscow and the faculty of Philology of Moscow state University, but before the war started.
Elvira became a nurse, became a teacher of German to Soviet officers, and later became a Soviet spy. In 1944, the girl disappeared. Most likely, it was shot in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
About the resourcefulness of young partisan Tolley noise was legendary. One day while checking in Kurovskoye the highway he managed to escape from the Germans and underwear in the bitter cold got to the guerrillas with valuable information.
another time, trying to get around the sentry, he ran to help the wagon with the Germans trapped near the dam. Grateful and unsuspecting enemies missed the teenager, whose boots were so full of leaflets.
And once times Noise two days pretending to be a assistant to a German officer, his entertaining anecdotes. He then managed atlick, taking documents, a map, binoculars and a gun.
Scout Currencies Oleshko from the Altai for a long time unjustly suspected that she defected to the enemy. And only in the 1970s, when it became known the details of her death, justice is done.
to perpetuate the memory of the brave compatriot, astronomer Tamara Smirnova was named in her honour an asteroid (2438) Oleshko.
